Which step in the rock cycle involves cooling magma?

The cooling of magma is a fundamental process in the formation of igneous rock. When magma, which is molten rock beneath the Earth's surface, cools and solidifies, it transforms into igneous rock. This process can occur either below the Earth's surface, resulting in intrusive igneous rocks, or it can happen on the surface after a volcanic eruption, leading to the formation of extrusive igneous rocks.

This step is crucial in the rock cycle as it demonstrates the transition of materials within the Earth, showing how magma changes state and contributes to the diversity of rock types. Understanding this transformation helps illustrate the dynamic nature of geological processes, where materials can be recycled and reformed over time. Other choices refer to different processes, such as the creation and alteration of other rock types, but cooling magma specifically points to the formation of igneous rock.